Recent Agri-Bio Innovations in India: A Critical Review

Sudhanand Prasad Lal1, Shreya Singh2 and Kumari Sushmita3

Abstract

Agriculture serves as the backbone of global economies, directly or indirectly supporting billions of lives. Conventional farming methods face increasing pressure from climatic changes, resource depletion, and population growth. In India, approximately 160 million hectares are under cultivation, with two-thirds reliant on monsoons, underscoring the urgent need for improved water management systems. Advanced agri-bio innovations have emerged as critical solutions, with technologies such as the Pusa Decomposer Powder reducing stubble burning and enhancing soil fertility, and the Pusa Hydrogel improving water retention in arid regions. Biochar noted for its carbon sequestration potential and soil benefits, has demonstrated improvements in soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient retention, offering sustainable options for addressing environmental concerns. India’s government initiatives, including the Soil Health Card Scheme and PM-KISAN, complement these advancements by providing resources and financial support to farmers. Globally, the agricultural biotechnology sector has expanded, particularly in genetically modified crops, with notable challenges such as environmental safety and food security. India has adopted agri-bio innovations like nano-urea, laser land leveling, and automated monitoring systems, which contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. The sector anticipates a 70% increase in food demand by 2050, driven by population growth from 7.3 billion today to 11 billion. By integrating innovations, such as genome editing and omics, alongside supportive policy frameworks, Indian agriculture can achieve substantial progress, addressing food security challenges while ensuring sustainability.